Compliance with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol recommendations for bariatric surgery in an obesity treatment center

Abstract Introduction The higher risk of perioperative complications associated with obesity has made anesthesiologists increasingly concerned with the management of obese patients. Measures that improve bariatric surgery patient safety have become essential. The implementation of ERAS protocols in several surgical specialties has made it possible to achieve appropriate outcomes as to surgery safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient compliance with the recommendations of an ERAS protocol for Bariatric Surgery (ERABS) at a hospital specialized in obesity treatment. Methods Cross-sectional study, using a medical record database, in a hospital certified as an International Center of Excellence in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery. The definition of the variables to be assessed was based on the most recent ERABS proposed by Thorell et al. Results were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Results The study evaluated all patients undergoing bariatric surgery in 2019. Mean compliance with the recommendations per participant was 42.8%, with a maximum of 55.5%, and was distributed as follows: 22.6% of compliance with preoperative recommendations, 60% to intraoperative recommendations, and 58.1% to postoperative recommendations. The anesthesiologist is the professional who provides most measures for the perioperative optimization of bariatric surgery patients. In our study we found that anesthesiologists complied with only 39.5% of ERABS recommendations. Conclusions Mean compliance with ERABS recommendations per participant was 42.8%. Considering that the study was carried out at a hospital certified as an international center of excellence, the need for introducing improvements in the care of patients to be submitted to bariatric surgery is evident.

Vitamin d levels and lipid profile in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Níveis de vitamina d e perfil lipídico em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin, mineral, and metabolic deficiencies occur in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in the short and long term, and are worrisome intercurrences. AIMS: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the lipid profile in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Case series of patients assisted from 2010 to 2018, in a private hospital of medium and high complexity, who underwent bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass techniques, monitored by the same surgeon. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 156 individuals, mostly female (75.6%) were monitored. The most frequent comorbidities were hepatic steatosis (76.3%) and hypertension (48.27). Regarding preoperative vitamin D levels, only 18.9% of the population had a satisfactory level (≥30 ng/mL). There was a reduction in weight and an improvement in the lipid profile after surgery. Significant correlations were observed between the lipid profile and vitamin D concentration only in the sample submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique: negative correlation between total cholesterol and vitamin D two years after surgery; positive correlation between triglycerides and vitamin D one year after surgery; and negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D two years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to routinely monitor vitamin D levels and lipid profile pre- and postoperatively in order to avoid damage associated with this vitamin deficiency.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Deficiências vitamínicas, minerais e metabólicas ocorrem no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, a curto e longo prazo, sendo intercorrências preocupantes. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D com o perfil lipídico, em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Série de casos de pacientes atendidos de 2010 até 2018, em hospital privado de média e alta complexidade, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pelas técnicas da gastrectomia vertical e derivação gástrica em Y de Roux, acompanhados pelo mesmo cirurgião. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, dados laboratoriais e antropométricos no pré-operatório, 6 meses, 12 meses e 24 meses após cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 156 indivíduos, maioria sexo feminino (75,6%), comorbidades mais frequentes foram esteatose hepática (76,3%) e hipertensão (48,27). Em relação aos níveis de vitamina D pré-operatórios, apenas 18,9% da população apresentaram níveis satisfatórios (=30 ng/mL). Observou-se redução do peso e melhora do perfil lipídico pós-cirúrgico. Sobre as correlações entre o perfil lipídico e concentração de vitamina D foram observadas correlações significativas apenas na amostra que passou pela técnica cirúrgica derivação gástrica em Y de Roux: correlação negativa entre o colesterol total e vitamina D após 2 anos de cirurgia; correlação positiva entre triglicerídeo e vitamina D 1 ano pós-operatório; e correlação negativa entre HDL e vitamina D 2 anos pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: é essencial acompanhar os níveis de vitamina D e perfil lipídico no pré e pós-operatório de forma rotineira a fim de evitar danos relacionados a deficiência dessa vitamina.

Laparoscopic bariatric surgery in adolescents: early and five- year clinical and laboratory assessment / Cirurgia bariátrica videolaparoscópica em adolescentes: avaliação clínica e laboratorial precoce e após cinco anos

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions among adolescents. Methods, such as bariatric surgery, have become the most effective treatment for patients with classes III and IV obesity. AIM: To evaluate weight loss, comorbidity remission, and long-term results of bariatric surgery in adolescents. METHODS: Study with adolescent patients undergoing bariatric surgery, evaluating laboratory tests, comorbidities, and the percentage of excess weight loss in the preoperative period and at one, two, and five years postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 18.6 years, were included in the analysis. In the preoperative period, 30.8% of hypercholesterolemia, 23.1% of systemic arterial hypertension, and 18.4% of type 2 diabetes were recorded, with remission of these percentages occurring in 60, 66.7 and 83.4%, respectively. The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 63.48% after one year of surgery, 64.75% after two years, and 57.28% after five years. The mean preoperative total cholesterol level was 180.26 mg/dL, and after one, two, and five years, it was 156.89 mg/dL, 161.39 mg/dL, and 150.97 mg/dL, respectively. The initial mean of low-density lipoprotein was 102.19mg/dL and after five years the mean value reduced to 81.81 mg/dL. The mean preoperative glycemia was 85.08 mg/dL and reduced to 79.13 mg/dL after one year, and to 76.19 mg/dL after five years. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery is safe and effective in adolescents, with low morbidity, resulting in a loss of excess weight and long-term stability, improving laboratory tests, and leading to remission of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and systemic arterial hypertension.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A obesidade tomou proporções epidêmicas entre adolescentes, e procedimentos como a cirurgia bariátrica tornou-se o tratamento mais efetivo em pacientes com obesidade grau III e IV. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a perda peso, a remissão de comorbidades, e resultados a longo prazo da cirurgia bariátrica em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo com pacientes adolescentes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, avaliando exames laboratoriais, comorbidades e o percentual de perda de excesso de peso, nos períodos pré-operatório e com 1, 2 e 5 anos de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 65 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, com a média de idade de 18,6 anos. No pré-operatório foram registrados: 30,8% hipercolesterolemia, 23,1% hipertensão arterial sistêmica e 18,4% diabetes tipo 2, ocorrendo remissão destes porcentuais em 60, 66,7 e 83,4%, respectivamente. O percentual médio de perda de excesso de peso após 1 ano foi de 63,48%, após 2 anos foi de 64,75% e após 5 anos foi 57,28%. O valor médio do colesterol total no pré-operatório era de 180,26mg/dL, e após 1 ano, 2 anos e 5 anos foram de 156,89mg/dL,161,39mg/dL e de 150,97mg/dL, respectivamente. A média inicial de lipoproteína de baixa densidade era 102,19mg/dL e após 5 anos o valor médio reduziu para 81,81 mg/dL. O valor médio da glicose pré-operatório era 85,08 mg/dL, após um ano uma média 79,13mg/dL, e com 5 anos 76,19 mg/dL. CONCLUSÕES: A cirurgia bariátrica é segura e eficaz em adolescentes, com baixa morbidade, resultando em uma perda do excesso de peso e estabilidade a longo prazo, melhorando exames laboratoriais e levando a remissão de comorbidades como diabetes mellitus, hipercolesterolemia e hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

Comparison of three intraoperative analgesic strategies in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a retrospective study of immediate postoperative outcomes

Abstract Introduction and objectives Multimodal Analgesia (MMA) has shown promising results in postoperative outcomes across a broad spectrum of surgeries, including bariatric surgery. We compared the analgesic effect immediately after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery (LBS) of the combined effect of MMA and methadone against two techniques that were based mainly on the use of high-potency medium-acting opioids. Methods Two hundred seventy-one patients were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was postoperative pain score > 3/10 measured by the Verbal Numeric Scale (VNS) during the Postanesthetic Care Unit (PACU) stay. The three protocols of intraoperative analgesia were: (P1) sufentanil at anesthetic induction followed by remifentanil infusion; (P2) sufentanil at induction followed by dexmedetomidine infusion; and (P3) remifentanil at induction followed by MMA including dexmedetomidine, magnesium, lidocaine, and methadone. Only P1 and P2 patients received morphine toward the end of surgery. Poisson regression was used to adjust confounding factors and calculate Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results Postoperative VNS > 3 was recorded in 135 (49.81%) patients, of which 93 (68.89%) were subjected to P1, 25 (18.56%) to P2, and 17 (12.59%) to P3. In the final adjusted model, both anesthetic techniques (P3) (PR = 0.10; 95% CI [0.03-0.28]), and (P2) (PR = 0.42%; 95% CI [0.20-0.90]) were associated with lower occurrence of VNS > 3, whereas age range 20-29 was associated to higher occurrence of VNS > 3 (PR = 3.21; 95% CI [1.22-8.44]) in PACU. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) was distributed as follows: (P1) 20.3%, (P2) 31.25% and (P3) 6.77%; (P3 < P1, P2; p< 0.05). Intraoperative hypotension occurred more often in P3 (39%) compared to P2 (20.31%) and P1 (17.46%) (p< 0.05). Conclusion MMA + methadone was associated with higher incidence of intraoperative hypotension and lower incidence of moderate/severe pain in PACU after LBS.

Cirugía bariátrica restrictiva laparoscópica y su influencia sobre el síndrome metabólico / Laparoscopic restrictive bariatric surgery and its influence on metabolic syndrome

Introducción: Por los beneficios demostrados de este proceder, la cirugía bariátrica es una opción de tratamiento para el síndrome metabólico. Objetivo: Describir los efectos de las técnicas gástricas restrictivas laparoscópicas en pacientes obesos con síndrome metabólico asociado. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 22 pacientes con índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 35 Kg/m2 y diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico, intervenidos por técnicas restrictivas laparoscópicas en el Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" entre noviembre de 2018 y enero de 2020. Se estudió el grado de obesidad, el perímetro de cintura, el porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido, el porcentaje del exceso de índice de masa corporal perdido, las cifras de glucosa, el colesterol, los triglicéridos y el tratamiento antihipertensivo e hipoglicemiante. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 41,8±10,6 años, con predominio de las mujeres. El índice de masa corporal disminuyó al año, al igual que el perímetro de la cintura. La media al año del porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido y del porcentaje del exceso de índice de masa corporal perdido fue de 75 y 83 por ciento, respectivamente. Las cifras de glucemia, colesterol y los triglicéridos disminuyeron respecto a los valores preoperatorios. El 78,6 por ciento de los diabéticos y el 81,2 por ciento de los hipertensos lograron suspender toda medicación. Conclusiones: Disminuyó significativamente el grado de obesidad, el porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido, el porcentaje del exceso de índice de masa corporal perdido y el perímetro de la cintura. Los valores de glucemia, triglicéridos y colesterol descendieron significativamente respecto a los basales, con una disminución en el uso de fármacos hipoglicemiantes y antihipertensivos(AU)

Introduction: Due to the proven benefits of this procedure, bariatric surgery is a treatment option for metabolic syndrome. Objective: To describe the effects of laparoscopic gastric restrictive techniques in obese patients with associated metabolic syndrome. Methods: A descriptive and prospective study was performed in 22 patients with a body mass index higher than or equal to 35 Kg/m2 and with diagnosis of metabolic syndrome; they had undergone surgery by laparoscopic restrictive techniques at the General Calixto García University Hospital, from November 2018 to January 2018 2020. The degree of obesity, waist circumference, percentage of overweight lost, percentage of excess body mass index lost, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and antihypertensive and hypoglycemic treatment were studied. Results: The average age was 41.8±10.6 years, with predominance of women. Body mass index decreased at one year, as did waist circumference. The mean per year of the percentage of overweight lost and the percentage of excess body mass index lost was 75 percent and 83 percent, respectively. Blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased compared to preoperative values. 78.6 percent of diabetics managed to suspend all medication and 81.2 percent hypertensive. Conclusions: The degree of obesity, the percentage of overweight lost, the percentage of excess body mass index lost and the waist circumference decreased significantly. Blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol values decreased significantly compared to baseline, with a decrease in the use of hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs(AU)

Tranexamic acid effects in postoperative bleeding outcomes in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a controlled study

Purpose: To demonstrate through a controlled study whether the use of tranexamic acid in bariatric surgeries is effective for bleeding control. Methods: Prospective, comparative, and double-blind study performed with patients from 18 to 65 years old submitted to bariatric surgery. The selected patients received venous tranexamic acid (TXA) during the induction of anesthesia or not (CG). The anesthesia and thromboprophylaxis protocols were similar among the groups. For statistical analysis, the χ2 and analysis of variance tests were performed at a significance level of p < 0.05, using the statistical program SPSS 21.0®. Results: Sixty-one patients were included in the study, 31 in the control group and 30 in the TXA group (GTXA). In the intraoperative period, the bleeding volume was greater in the CG than in the GTXA. In the postoperative period, the tranexamic acid group had a higher value hematocrit, absence of surgical reoperations due to bleeding complications, and shorter hospitalization time than the control group. Conclusions: The use of tranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding rates and of hospital stay length, in addition to demonstrating the clinical safety of its use, for not having been associated with any thromboembolic events.

Evolución de la cirugía bariátrica en Chile y el mundo / Bariatric Surgery's History in Chile and the World

Resumen La obesidad es reconocida como "la gran epidemia" del siglo XXI. Los primeros tratamientos fueron enfocados en el manejo médico, sin lograr los resultados esperados, por lo cual surge la cirugía bariátrica (CB) como la mejor alternativa. Inicialmente la obesidad se concibe como una figura de poder en el imperio egipcio, luego como enfermedad por Galeno e Hipócrates, reapareciendo más tarde como símbolo de fecundidad en Europa. Las primeras técnicas fueron el bypass yeyuno-colónico por Payne y De Wind modificado luego por Scopinaro, consolidándose más tarde como el bypass actual por Mason, Wittgrove e Higa. Por su parte, la gastrectomía en manga fue concebida por Gagner como puente de la derivación biliopancreática, pero dado sus excelentes resultados se consolida como técnica por sí sola. A su vez, la CB evidencia efectos metabólicos inesperados, posicionándose en la actualidad como el mejor tratamiento tanto para la obesidad como para el síndrome metabólico. En Chile la CB se inicia en 1986 con González del Hospital Van Buren con la experiencia en bypass yeyuno-ileal, continuando con Awad y Loehnert del Hospital San Juan de Dios. Luego se consolida con el desarrollo de la CB moderna tanto en la Universidad Católica como en la Universidad de Chile, llegando en la actualidad a ser un procedimiento ampliamente difundido en todo el país. El objetivo principal de la siguiente revisión es analizar el concepto de obesidad en la historia y la evolución de la CB en Chile y el mundo, rememorando sus inicios y destacando su constante desarrollo.

Obesity is recognized as "the great epidemic" of the 21st century. The first treatments were focused on medical management, failing to achieve the expected results, which is why bariatric surgery (BC) emerges as the best alternative. Obesity was initially conceived as a power figure in the Egyptian empire, later as a disease by Galen and Hippocrates, later reappearing as a symbol of fertility in Europe. The first techniques were the jejuno-colonic bypass by Payne and De Wind, later modified by Scopinaro, to finally consolidate as the current bypass by Mason, Wittgrove and Higa. For its part, sleeve gastrectomy was conceived by Gagner as a bridge for biliopancreatic diversion, but given its excellent results, it is consolidated as a technique by itself. In turn, BC shows unexpected metabolic effects, currently positioning itself as the best treatment for both obesity and metabolic syndrome. In Chile, BC started in 1986 with González at the Van Buren Hospital with his experience in jejuno-ileal bypass, continuing with Awad and Loehnert at the San Juan de Dios Hospital. Later, it was consolidated with the development of modern BC both at the Catholic University and at the University of Chile, currently becoming a widely disseminated procedure throughout the country. The main objective of the following review is to analyze the concept of obesity in history and the evolution of BC in Chile and the world, recalling its beginnings and highlighting its continuous development.

Estadía abreviada poscirugía bariátrica: una posibilidad real sin incrementar complicaciones ni readmisión de pacientes / Abbreviated Hospitalization after bariatric surgery

Resumen Introducción: Nuevas técnicas en cirugía bariátrica han permitido disminuir las complicaciones y la mortalidad quirúrgica. Estas mejoras han hecho posible disminuir la estadía hospitalaria y acelerar el proceso de recuperación permitiendo un potencial protocolo de alta temprana. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia en la utilización de un protocolo diseñado de estadía abreviada, en pacientes posoperados de cirugía bariátrica. Materiales y Método: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo de cohorte. Se consideró una cohorte de pacientes en que se realizó cirugía bariátrica, en Clínica Santa María, por un solo cirujano, entre julio de 2014 y abril de 2019, sometidos a un protocolo diseñado de alta temprana. Fueron registradas la morbilidad, la mortalidad, las readmisiones y reintervenciones en el periodo de tiempo registrado. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 775 pacientes, 654 pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía en manga laparoscópica (GEM) y 101 pacientes sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (RYGB). Hubo 8 complicaciones, sin mortalidad registrada. La tasa de readmisión/reintervención fue de 4,13%/2,27% para GEM y 4,55%/3,53% para RYGB. Conclusiones: En este grupo de pacientes pudimos demostrar una baja tasa de complicaciones, lo que apoya la idea de que un protocolo de alta temprana en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica es una alternativa factible y segura.

Introduction: New techniques in bariatric surgery have allowed to reduce complications and surgical mortality. These improvements have made it possible to reduce the hospital stay and accelerate the recovery process, allowing a potential early discharge protocol. Aim: To describe the experience in the use of a protocol designed for an abbreviated stay, in post-operated bariatric surgery patients. Materials and Method: Analytical, retrospective cohort study. A cohort of patients who underwent bariatric surgery, at the Santa María Clinic, by a single surgeon, between July 2014 and April 2019 and submitted to a designed early discharge protocol was considered. Morbidity, mortality, readmissions, and reoperations were recorded in the established period of time. Results: A total of 775 patients were included, 654 patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (GEM) and 101 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). There were 8 complications, with no recorded mortality. The readmission/reoperation rate was 4.13%/2.27% for GEM and 4.55%/3.53% for RYGB. Conclusions: In this group of patients we were able to demonstrate a low rate of complications, which supports the idea that an early discharge protocol in patients undergoing bariatric surgery is a feasible and safe alternative.

Reversión del bypass gástrico: indicaciones y resultados quirúrgicos / Gastric bypass reversal: surgical indications and results

Resumen Introducción: Debido a su eficacia en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida, el bypass gástrico (BPG) sigue siendo una intervención realizada frecuentemente. Sin embargo, un grupo reducido de pacientes puede desarrollar complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas que no logran controlarse con un tratamiento médico óptimo. En estos casos, puede ser necesario reestablecer la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal por medio de la reversión del BPG (R-BPG). Objetivo: Presentar las indicaciones y resultados obtenidos en una serie de pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG. Materiales y Método: Identificación y evaluación retrospectiva de todos los pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG en nuestra institución de manera consecutiva. Se registraron las características demográficas y antropométricas de la cirugía original y al momento de la reversión. Las complicaciones se registraron de acuerdo con la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Se identificaron 7 pacientes en los cuales se realizó una R-BPG. En 2 casos la reversión fue por síndrome de intestino corto, en 3 casos por hipoglicemias severas refractarias a manejo médico y en 2 casos por diarrea crónica. La mediana de edad al momento de la reversión fue de 55 años. La mediana de tiempo desde la cirugía original hasta el momento de la reversión fue de 77 meses. La mediana de estadía hospitalaria fue de 6 días. No hubo complicaciones Clavien-Dindo ≥ III. La R-BPG logró revertir en todos los casos las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas. Conclusión: La restauración de la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal permite el control de las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas.

Introduction: Due to its efficacy in the treatment of morbid obesity, roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) continues to be a frequently performed intervention. However, a small group of patients may develop nutritional and metabolic complications that cannot be controlled with optimal medical treatment. In these cases, it may be necessary to reestablish the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract by reversing the RYGB (R-RYGB). Aim: To present the indications and results obtained in a series of patients who underwent to R-RYGB. Materials and Method: Identification and retrospective evaluation of all patients who underwent consecutive R-RYGB in our institution. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the original surgery and at the time of the reversal were recorded. Complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Seven patients were identified in whom an R-RYGB was performed. In 2 cases the reversal was due to short bowel syndrome, in 3 cases due to severe hypoglycemia refractory to medical treatment and in 2 cases due to chronic diarrhea. The median age at the time of the reversal was 55 years. The median time from primary surgery to reversal was 77 months. The median hospital stay was 6 days. There were no Clavien-Dindo complications ≥ III. The R-RYGB was able to reverse nutritional and metabolic complications in all cases. Conclusion: Restoring the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract allows control of nutritional and metabolic complications.

Revisional surgery in severe nutritional complications after bariatric surgical procedures: report of four cases from a single institution and review of the literature / Cirurgia revisional em complicações nutricionais graves após cirurgia bariátrica: relato de 4 casos de uma única instituição e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Introduction: bariatric surgery is currently the only treatment that leads to long-term and sustained weight loss and decreased morbidity and mortality in morbidly obese individuals. Roux-en-Y bypass causes weight loss by restricting food intake associated with reduced intestinal absorption, in addition to multiple endocrine and satiogenic effects. Biliopancreatic diversion promotes weight loss mainly due to poor absorption of the nutrients ingested. Both procedures exclude parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Objective: to describe four cases of revisional surgery after primary bariatric surgery, due to serious nutritional complications, and to review the literature regarding this subject. Methods: a retrospective analysis of patients of Unicamps bariatric center database and review of the literatures were performed. Results: four patients were identified, 2 women and 2 men, with a mean age of 48 years. The mean body mass index before revisional surgery was 23.7 kg/m2. Three patients underwent Scopinaro biliopancreatic diversion, and onde patient underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The revisional surgeries were revision, conversion, and reversion. One patient died. For the review of the literature 12 articles remained (11 case reports and 1 case series). Another five important original articles were included. Conclusion: fortunately, revision surgery is rarely necessary, but when indicated it has increased morbidity, It can be revision, reverion or conversion according to the severity of the patient and the primary surgery performed.

RESUMO Introdução: atualmente, a cirurgia bariátrica é o único tratamento que leva à perda de peso prolongada e sustentada e diminuição da morbimortalidade em indivíduos obesos mórbidos. O bypass em Y-de-Roux causa perda de peso restringindo a ingestão de alimentos associada à redução da absorção intestinal, além de múltiplos efeitos endócrinos e sacietógenos. O desvio biliopancreático promove a perda de peso principalmente devido à diminuição da absorção dos nutrientes ingeridos. Ambos os procedimentos excluem partes do trato gastrointestinal. Objetivo: descrever 4 casos de cirurgia revisional após cirurgia bariátrica primária, devido a graves complicações nutricionais, bem como realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre esse assunto. Métodos: foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos pacientes do banco de dados do serviço de cirurgia bariátrica da Unicamp e revisão da literatura. Resultados: foram identificados 4 pacientes, 2 mulheres e 2 homens, com média de idade de 48 anos, o IMC antes da cirurgia revisional eram em média 23,7. Os pacientes haviam sido submetidos em 3 casos a cirurgia de Scopinaro e 1 caso ao bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux. As cirurgias revisionais foram de revisão, conversão e reversão. Um paciente evoluiu a óbito. Em relação a revisão da literatura, foram selecionados 12 artigos (11 relatos de casos e 1 série de casos). Outros cinco artigos originais importantes foram incluídos. Conclusão: felizmente, a cirurgia revisional raramente é necessária, mas, quando indicada, apresenta alta morbidade. São cirurgias de revisão, reversão ou conversão, de acordo com a gravidade do paciente e a cirurgia primária realizada.

Aspectos da hipertensão arterial sistêmica antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica do tipo Fobi capella com desvio de y de Roux / Aspects of systemic arterial hypertension before and after fobi capella with deviation Roux-en-y bariatric surgery

A obesidade é uma doença crônica multifatorial que desencadeia diversas comorbidades, sendo a hipertensão arterial uma das principais complicações, tornando-se um risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares e mortalidade precoce. Assim, este estudo objetivou abordar os aspectos da hipertensão relacionada à obesidade antes e após a realização de cirurgia bariátrica. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, envolvendo indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, com idade superior a 18 anos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pelo método Fobi Capella com desvio de Y de Roux na cidade de Toledo-PR. Para tanto, 30 participantes responderam um questionário semiestruturado investigando dados sobre a pressão arterial. Os resultados demonstraram que no pré-operatório 66,66% dos avaliados apresentavam hipertensão, sendo os gêneros igualmente afetados, 46,66% referiram três ou mais sintomas da comorbidade e escore de saúde mental (40,8 ±16,7) com repercussão relevante. No pós-operatório os parâmetros de normalidade da pressão arterial foram evidenciados em todos os participantes, 57,14% deixaram de necessitar de medicação de controle e houve uma melhora exponencial do escore de saúde mental (81,9 ±21,7). Concluindo que a cirurgia bariátrica compõe um tratamento altamente eficaz para perda ponderal de peso corroborando para normalização da pressão arterial, redução dos sintomas da hipertensão, da necessidade de tratamento medicamentoso para essa finalidade e melhora da saúde geral do indivíduo.

Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that triggers several comorbidities, with arterial hypertension being one of the main complications, becoming a risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases and early mortality. Thus, this study aimed at addressing aspects of hypertension related to obesity before and after bariatric surgery. This is a descriptive study, involving individuals of both genders, aged over 18 years submitted to bariatric surgery by the Fobi Capella method with deviation of Roux-en-Y in the city of Toledo, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For that purpose, 30 participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire investigating blood pressure data. The results showed that in the pre-surgery period, 66.66% of the patients had arterial hypertension, and the genres were equally affected; 46.66% reported three or more symptoms of comorbidity and mental health score (40.8 ± 16.7) with relevant repercussions. In the post-surgery period, normal blood pressure parameters were evident in all participants, 57.14% no longer required control medication and there was an exponential improvement in the mental health score (81.9 ± 21.7), thus concluding that bariatric surgery is a highly effective treatment for weight loss, corroborating blood pressure normalization, reduction of symptoms of hypertension, the need for drug treatment for this purpose and improvement of the individual's general health.

Experiencia de 10 años de la plicatura gástrica laparoscópica / Ten-year Experience in Laparoscopic Gastroplication

RESUMEN Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial cuyo mejor tratamiento lo constituye en la actualidad la cirugía bariátrica. Objetivo: Describir los resultados a corto y largo plazo de la gastroplicatura vertical laparoscópica como técnica de cirugía bariátrica restrictiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal en 436 pacientes obesos intervenidos por gastroplicatura vertical laparoscópica, de enero 2010 a enero 2020, en Hospital Universitario General Calixto García. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos géneros, mayores de 18 años. Variables analizadas: edad, sexo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, grado de obesidad, perímetro de cintura, enfermedades asociadas, valores de glucemia, colesterol y triglicéridos, tiempo quirúrgico, pérdidas sanguíneas intraoperatorias, complicaciones perioperatorias y porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido al año. Resultados: Edad promedio 38,48 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. El índice de masa corporal medio fue de 45,41 Kg/m2. Las enfermedades asociadas fueron: hipertensión arterial, síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y diabetes mellitus. El 8,6 por ciento presentó complicación intraoperatoria, mientras que en el posoperatorio hubo un 5,9 por ciento de complicaciones. Tuvieron mayor relación con índice cintura/cadera incrementado y solo se reportó un fallecido. Conclusiones: Los resultados de las gastroplicatura vertical laparoscópica son prometedores como técnica bariátrica restrictiva según lo descrito en la serie de pacientes tratados durante un periodo de 10 años. La misma permitió una disminución significativa del Índice de Masa Corporal y grado de obesidad con repercusión importante en el porcentaje de peso perdido y escasas complicaciones(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease whose best treatment is currently bariatric surgery. Objective: To describe the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic vertical gastroplication as a restrictive bariatric surgery technique. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out in 436 obese patients who received laparoscopic vertical gastroplication, from January 2010 to January 2020, at General Calixto García University Hospital. Patients of both genders, older than 18 years, were included. The variables analyzed were age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, degree of obesity, waist circumference, associated diseases, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications, and percentage of overweight lost at one year. Results: The average age 38.48 years, with a predominance of the female sex. The mean body mass index was 45.41 kg/m2. The associated diseases were arterial hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. 8.6 percent presented intraoperative complication, while there were 5.9 percent of complications in the postoperative period. They were more related to the increased waist/hip ratio and only one death was reported. Conclusions: The results of laparoscopic vertical gastroplication are promising based on the usefulness of the restrictive bariatric technique as described in the series of patients treated over a period of ten years. It allowed a significant decrease in body mass index and the degree of obesity, with a significant impact on the percentage of lost weight lost and with few complications(AU)

The role of speech therapist in the patient care team for bariatric surgery / Rol del fonoaudiólogo en el equipo de atención al paciente para cirugía bariátrica

The work of the speech therapist with patients undergoing Bariatric Surgery (BS) is still little explored, although essential for the adequate preparation of the subject for surgery, as well as for his short and long term recovery. Given its importance and it's still limited performance in this scenario, the objective of this study was to verify the perception of patients about the importance and effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and postoperative period of BS. Questionnaires were carried out with 44 patients divided into 4 groups, according to the moment of bariatric surgery follow-up. Most of the subjects were unaware of the role of the speech therapist at the beginning of the treatment, but they considered their guidance and their presence in the team relevant during the process. The ignorance of the role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in the care of bariatric patients is related to the incipient participation of Speech-Language Pathologists in this scenario. The positive impact of speech therapy guidelines in the preoperative period improves quality of life, provides information and clarifies subjects' doubts and fears, enhancing results and minimizing postoperative problems. The professional's guidance in relation to the aspects experienced in the patients' daily lives implies a consensus on the importance of the participation of the Speech Therapist during the process of monitoring the BS. Patients' perception of the importance of the guidelines received by the Speech-Language Pathologist was well-known, as well as their necessary participation in the multidisciplinary team. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and in the short and long term postoperative period.

La labor del fonoaudiólogo con pacientes sometidos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) es aún poco explorada, aunque fundamental para la adecuada preparación del sujeto para la cirugía, así como para su recuperación a corto y largo plazo. Dada su importancia y su aún limitado desempeño en este escenario, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia y efectividad de la logopedia tanto en el período pre como postoperatorio de CB. Se realizaron cuestionarios con 44 pacientes divididos en 4 grupos, según el momento del seguimiento de la cirugía bariátrica. Resultados: La mayoría de los sujetos desconocían el rol del fonoaudiólogo al inicio del tratamiento, pero consideraron relevante su orientación y presencia en el equipo durante el proceso. El desconocimiento del papel del fonoaudiólogo en la atención de los pacientes bariátricos se relaciona con la incipiente participación de los fonoaudiólogos en este escenario. El impacto positivo de las pautas de fonoaudiología en el período preoperatorio mejora la calidad de vida, brinda información y aclara las dudas y temores de los sujetos, potenciando los resultados y minimizando los problemas postoperatorios. La orientación del profesional en relación con los aspectos vividos en la vida diaria de los pacientes implica un consenso sobre la importancia de la participación del fonoaudiólogo durante el proceso de seguimiento de CB. Es conocida la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia de las guías recibidas por el fonoaudiólogo, así como su necesaria participación en el equipo multidisciplinario. Los resultados demostraron la eficacia de la fonoaudiología tanto en el pre como en el postoperatorio a corto y largo plazo.

Cirugía bariátrica en adolescentes con obesidad severa: recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría / Bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity: recommendations of the Nutrition Branch, Chilean Pediatric Society

Resumen: En los últimos años, la obesidad severa en adolescentes ha aumentado a nivel mundial y Chile no es la excepción a este fenómeno. Es conocido que esta condición aumenta exponencialmente los riesgos para la salud y se asocia a mortalidad prematura. Desde el año 2008, diversas guías de tratamiento de obesidad pediátrica han incluido a la cirugía bariátrica como una estrategia de tratamiento para adolescentes obesos severos seleccionados. Estos procedimientos han mostrado ser seguros y eficaces en adultos. Un cuerpo emergente de evidencia demuestra que, en centros especializados, en el corto y mediano plazo se obtendrían resultados similares en adolescentes. Sin embargo, en este grupo de pacientes, la cirugía bariátrica tiene implícitos otros riesgos inherentes a la etapa de desarrollo en que se encuentran, y los resultados y complicaciones especialmente de largo plazo en gran medida son aún desconocidos. Por lo anterior y para el logro de los resultados esperados, es muy importante que la selección de pacientes, la cirugía y el seguimiento, sean realizados por equipos multidisciplinarios calificados, en centros hospitalarios que cuenten con la infraestructura adecuada, siendo imprescin dible la adherencia de por vida al seguimiento médico y nutricional. El objetivo de este documento es presentar la postura de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (SOCHIPE) frente a las diversas aristas a considerar para la adecuada indicación de estos procedimientos en adolescentes obesos severos.

Abstract: In recent years, severe obesity in adolescents has been rising worldwide, and Chile is no exception to this phenomenon. This condition exponentially increases health risks and it is associated with prema ture mortality. Since 2008, several guidelines on pediatric obesity treatment have included bariatric surgery as a treatment strategy for certain severely obese adolescents. These procedures have proven to be safe and efficient in adults. Recent evidence shows that, when done in specialized centers, the re sults would be similar in adolescents in the short and medium term. Nonetheless, in this group of pa tients, bariatric surgery has risks related to their stage of development, and data on long-term results and complications are still lacking. Therefore, to achieve the expected results, the patient selection, surgery, and follow-up must be carried out by qualified multidisciplinary teams, in hospitals centers that have the appropriate infrastructure, It is essential for the patients a life-long adherence to medi cal and nutritional monitoring. The objective of this document is to present the position statement of the Nutrition Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics on the different issues to be considered for the adequate indication of these procedures in severely obese adolescents.

Significados en torno a la experiencia de someterse a una segunda intervención quirúrgica para bajar de peso / MEANING ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE OF SUBMITTING A SECOND SURGICAL INTERVENTION TO LOSE WEIGHT

Diversos motivos inciden en que los pacientes se sometan a cirugía bariátrica para hacer frente a la obesidad. Pese a ser el procedimiento más eficaz contra el exceso de peso, existe una alta tasa de pacientes que después de la cirugía, recuperan un porcentaje importante del peso perdido. Esta re-ganancia de peso genera consecuencias médicas, físicas y psicológico-emocionales; y en muchos casos lleva a que los pacientes vuelvan a someterse a intervenciones quirúrgicas con el objetivo de reactivar la pérdida de peso. No obstante, las re-operaciones no suelen tener la misma eficacia en términos de la pérdida de peso y su mantención. Esta investigación se centra en los significados psicológicos de la experiencia de someterse a más de una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, con el objetivo de comprender lo que implica este proceso para los pacientes, así como también las repercusiones que trae consigo someterse a más de una intervención de este tipo. La metodología que se utilizó fue cualitativa con un enfoque desde la Teoría Fundamentada y con un alcance descriptivo para comprender lo que deben vivir estos pacientes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a cuatro mujeres y un hombre, quienes previamente se habían sometido a una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, y luego de unos años y de haber recuperado el peso perdido se sometieron a una cirugía bariátrica. La elección de la segunda intervención se asoció a la creencia que la recuperación de peso se debió principalmente a la técnica de la primera intervención, evaluación que cambia hacia una percepción de bajo control en la alimentación, tras la re-ganancia de peso post-segunda intervención. Se observa niveles importantes de frustración tras esta segunda re-ganancia.

There are several reasons why patients choose to undergo bariatric surgery to cope with obesity. Despite being the most effective procedure against excess weight, there is a high rate of patients who, after surgery, recover a significant percentage of the weight lost. This regain of weight generates medical, physical and psychological-emotional consequences; and in many cases it leads to patients re-undergo surgery with the aim of reactivating weight loss. However, re-operations are usually not as effective in terms of weight loss and weight maintenance. This research focuses on the psychological meanings of a patient's experience of more than one surgical intervention to lose weight, with the aim of understanding what this process implies for patients, as well as the repercussions of obtaining more than one intervention of this type. The specified methodology was qualitative with an approach from the Grounded Theory and with a descriptive scope to understand what these patients must live. To carry out this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women and one man, who had previously undergone surgery to lose weight, and after a few years and having recovered the lost weight, underwent surgery. bariatric The choice of the second intervention was associated with the belief that weight recovery was mainly due to the technique of the first intervention, an evaluation that changes towards a perception of low control in the diet, after the post-weight gain second intervention. Significant levels of frustration are seen after this second regain

Dermolipectomia trocantérica em paciente pós-cirurgia bariátrica: relato de caso / Trochanteric dermolipectomy in a patient after bariatric surgery: case report

Introdução: Atualmente com o aumento das gastroplastias redutoras (cirurgia bariátrica) e grande perda ponderal, há também um aumento na procura destes pacientes pela cirurgia plástica. Uma das características destes pacientes é o excesso de tecido dermogorduroso que causa deformidades, principalmente nos membros inferiores, acometendo a região trocantérica. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de dermolipectomia trocantérica em paciente pós-cirurgia bariátrica, onde a lipoaspiração por si só não resolveria a correção da deformidade. Relato de caso: IPMS, sexo feminino, 55 anos, histórico de gastroplastia redutora (cirurgia bariátrica) com grande perda ponderal. Relata desconforto importante com a lipodistrofia e extensa flacidez em região trocantérica bilateral. Após avaliação pela equipe, foi optado por realizar dermolipectomia trocantérica bilateral, em janeiro de 2019, no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica Osvaldo Saldanha. Discussão: Nos casos de lipodistrofia trocantérica com deformidades graves, a cicatriz da dermolipectomia em relação à deformidade é favorável quanto a escolha desta técnica, pois a lipoaspiração poderá agravar ainda mais a deformidade, sendo mandatório utilizar a técnica de dermolipectomia trocantérica para corrigila. Quanto à lipodistrofia com deformidade moderada há dúvida entre a relação do benefício e a deformidade resultante, sendo aplicada a técnica de acordo com a necessidade do paciente e, por fim, nos casos de lipodistrofia com deformidade leve, opta-se pela lipoaspiração devido à correção ser realizada sem grandes cicatrizes aparentes. Conclusão: Portanto, a lipoaspiração tem benefício nos casos de adiposidade localizada, limitando as indicações da técnica de dermolipectomia, em especial na região trocantérica, sem invalidá-la para casos selecionados, como o descrito neste relato de caso.

Introduction: Currently, with the increase in reducing gastroplasty (bariatric surgery) and the great weight loss, there is also an increase in the demand of these patients for plastic surgery. One of the characteristics of these patients is the excess of dermal adipose tissue that causes deformities, especially in the lower limbs, affecting the trochanteric region. Objective: To report a case of trochanteric dermolipectomy in a patient after bariatric surgery, where liposuction alone would not solve the correction of the deformity. Case report: IPMS, female, 55 years old, history of reducing gastroplasty (bariatric surgery) with great weight loss. She reports significant discomfort with lipodystrophy and extensive flacidity in the bilateral trochanteric region. After the team's evaluation, it was decided to perform bilateral trochanteric dermolipectomy, in January 2019, at the Plastic Surgery Service Osvaldo Saldanha Discussion: In cases of trochanteric lipodystrophy with severe deformities, the scar of dermolipectomy in relation to the deformity is favorable in terms of the choice of this technique, since liposuction may further aggravate the deformity, and it is mandatory to use the trochanteric dermolipectomy technique to correct it. Conclusion: Therefore, liposuction is beneficial in cases of localized adiposity, limiting the indications for the dermolipectomy technique, especially in the trochanteric region, without invalidating it for selected cases, as described in this case report.

Obesidad, tejido adiposo y cirugía bariátrica / Obesity, adipose tissue, and bariatric surgery

Resumen En las últimas décadas, la prevalencia de la obesidad ha aumentado a escala mundial y ha provocado complicaciones metabólicas tales como diabetes de tipo 2, esteatosis, problemas cardiovasculares, entre otras. Su desarrollo puede estar influenciado por factores genéticos y ambientales, incluyendo la microbiota intestinal. En México, el 33.3% de la población adulta padece de este problema. La obesidad involucra un incremento excesivo del tejido adiposo que produce su disfunción. Se ha demostrado que la remodelación del tejido adiposo, dada por angiogénesis, hipoxia e inflamación, otorga susceptibilidad a desarrollar obesidad y conlleva a modificaciones metabólicas. La cirugía bariátrica ha sido el procedimiento más utilizado y más exitoso para tratar la obesidad mórbida en cuanto a la pérdida de peso corporal a largo plazo y a la remisión de comorbilidades como la diabetes tipo 2. En este artículo se revisan los aspectos moleculares por medio de los cuales la cirugía bariátrica provoca cambios metabólicos que se reflejan en la pérdida de peso y las mejoras metabólicas. Por lo tanto, se resumen aspectos genéticos, de microbioma y moleculares (remodelación del tejido adiposo) que influyen en el desarrollo de la obesidad. También se explican los aspectos moleculares a través de los cuales se puede modular la pérdida de peso y la mejoría de comorbilidades metabólicas.

Abstract Obesity prevalence has increased in the last decades worldwide leading to metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, steatosis, cardiovascular disease, among others; its development is influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors, such as intestinal microbiome. In Mexico, 33.3% of the adults present this disease. Obesity is defined as an excessive adipose tissue accumulation, provoking its dysfunction. Adipose tissue remodeling, which involves angiogenesis, hypoxia and inflammation, is implicated in the developing of obesity and metabolic modifications. Bariatric surgery is the most used and successful intervention to control morbid obesity, leading a maintained loss of weight and remission of some of its comorbidities as type 2 diabetes. Here, we review some of the molecular aspects of the metabolic changes provoked by bariatric surgery and its impact in weight loss and comorbidities remission. In summary, this article reviews the genetic aspects, microbiome and molecular facts (adipose tissue remodeling) that are involved in obesity development. In addition, some of the molecular aspects about bariatric surgery are described and the mechanisms that are regulated to control obesity and its comorbidities.

Bariatric surgery as a treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a male adolescent: case report / Cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento de pseudotumor cerebral primário em adolescente do sexo masculino: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case of a male adolescent with symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) associated with obesity treated with bariatric surgery. Case description: A 16-year-and-6-month-old severely obese boy [weight: 133.6 kg; height: 1.74 m (Z score: +0.14); BMI: 44.1 kg/m2 (Z score: +4.4)], Tanner pubertal stage 5, presented biparietal, high-intensity, and pulsatile headaches, about five times per week, associated with nocturnal awakenings, and partial improvement with common analgesics, for three months. Ophthalmologic evaluation evidenced bilateral papilledema. Cranial computed tomography revealed no mass or anatomic abnormalities. Lumbar puncture showed increased intracranial pressure of 40 cmH2O (reference value: <28 cmH2O) with a normal content. After being diagnosed with IIH, the patient was started on acetazolamide. However, after three months, he was still symptomatic. He was diagnosed with obesity due to excess energy intake and, as he had failed to lose weight after a conventional clinical treatment, bariatric surgery was indicated. The patient (at 16 years and nine months) underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Ophthalmologic evaluation, performed five months after surgery, revealed normal visual acuity in both eyes and improvement of bilateral papilledema. Follow-up at 18 months showed a 67.5% loss of excess weight (weight: 94.5 kg and BMI: 31.2 kg/m2) and complete resolution of IIH symptoms. Comments: IIH is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with no evidence of deformity or obstruction of the ventricular system on neuroimaging. It has been associated with obesity. Bariatric surgery may be a valid alternative approach for morbidly obese adolescent patients with refractory symptoms.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento de pseudotumor cerebral primário (PTCP) em adolescente do sexo masculino com obesidade. Descrição do caso: Adolescente, sexo masculino, 16 anos e 6 meses, com obesidade exógena [peso:133,6 kg; estatura:1,74 m (escore z: +0,14); IMC: 44,1 kg/m2 (escore z: +4,4)], estadiamento puberal de Tanner 5, apresentando cefaleia bi-parietal, pulsátil e de alta-intensidade, cerca de cinco vezes por semana, associada a despertares noturnos, e com melhora parcial com analgésicos comuns, há três meses. A avaliação oftalmológica evidenciou papiledema bilateral e a tomografia computadorizada de crânio não revelou massas ou alterações anatômicas. A punção lombar mostrou pressão intracraniana elevada de 40 cmH2O (Referência: <28 cmH2O) com conteúdo normal. Feito o diagnóstico, o paciente foi iniciou uso de acetazolamida. No entanto, após 3 meses, o paciente mantinha-se sintomático. Ele foi diagnosticado com obesidade devido ao consumo calórico excessivo e, como não havia obtido sucesso na perda de peso com tratamento clínico convencional, a cirurgia bariátrica foi indicada. Aos 16 anos e 9 meses, o paciente foi submetido a gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica sem complicações. A avaliação oftalmológica, cinco meses após a cirurgia, revelou melhora do papiledema bilateral com acuidade visual normal em ambos os olhos. Apresentou perda de excesso de peso de 67,5% (peso: 94,5 kg e IMC:31,2 kg/m2) e resolução completa dos sintomas de PPTC 18 meses após a cirurgia. Comentários: O PTCP é caracterizado pelo aumento da pressão intracraniana, sem evidência de deformidade ou obstrução do sistema ventricular na neuroimagem. Está associado à obesidade. A cirurgia bariátrica pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pacientes adolescentes obesos graves com sintomas refratários.

Evolución ponderal y de comorbilidades a largo plazo en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica / Long-term outcome of weight and comorbidities in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Objetivo: analizar la evolución de las comorbilidades mayores e índice de masa corporal a largo plazo en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal sobre una muestra de 38 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica entre los años 2008 y 2011. La muestra se compone de 32 mujeres y 6 varones, con una media de edad de 43,52 años. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas fueron 8 bandas gástricas, 8 gastrectomías verticales y 22 by-pass. Resultados: la DM mejora en un 71,43% de los casos, la HTA en 47,05%, la DL en un 75% y el SAOS en un 70%. Por encima de los 5 años de seguimiento, el 28,9% de los pacientes presenta obesidad tipo I, el 23,7% presenta sobrepeso, el 23,7% obesidad tipo II y el 23,7% obesidad tipo III. Conclusión: la cirugía bariátrica consigue la resolución de comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad en un porcentaje muy elevado de casos, siendo la más efectiva la dislipemia. La reganancia de peso a largo plazo sigue siendo un problema en estos pacientes así como su seguimiento por encima de los 5 años.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the outcome of major comorbidities and body mass index during long-term follow-up in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 28 patients (32 women and 6 men; mean age: 43.52 years) undergoing bariatric surgery between 2008 and 2011. The surgical procedures performed were adjustable gastric banding (n =8), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) and gastric bypass (n = 22). Results: Diabetes mellitus was resolved in 73.43% of cases, hypertension in 47.05%, dyslipidemia in 75% and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 70%. Five years after surgery, 28.9% of the patients had obesity class I, 23.7% had overweight, 23.7% had obesity class II and 23.7% had obesity class III. Conclusion: bariatric surgery achieves resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity in a high percentage of cases. This effect is more effective in dyslipidemia. Weight regain in the long-term and follow-up beyond five years after surgery are still pending issues.

Infarto esplénico como complicación de gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica. Reporte de caso / Splenic infarction as a complication of laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy. Case report

La gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica es actualmente la cirugía bariátrica más empleada a nivel mundial. Aunque es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo pueden ocurrir complicaciones mayores. En el presente trabajo reportamos el caso de un infarto y absceso esplénico como una rara complicación de esta técnica, que requirió finalmente de esplenectomía como tratamiento definitivo. Caso clínico: Mujer de 22 años con obesidad grado I, a quien se le practicó gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica con buena evolución intrahospitalaria y egreso a las 48 horas. Al 4to día posoperatorio consultó por fiebre, dolor abdominal, taquipnea y taquicardia. Mediante tomografía computada de abdomen se diagnosticó infarto esplénico parcial. Recibió tratamiento médico con remisión inicial de los síntomas, los cuales reaparecieron a la 3era semana. Se reinició el tratamiento médico, esta vez sin respuesta, y con evolución al absceso esplénico. Se decidió esplenectomía como tratamiento definitivo logrando la recuperación completa de la paciente. Conclusión: El infarto esplénico es una complicación infrecuente de la gastrectomía vertical. Su tratamiento inicial es médico, reservando la esplenectomía para los casos que no responden(AU)

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is currently the most performed bariatric surgery worldwide. Although it is an effective and safe procedure major complications can occur. In the present manuscript we report a case of splenic infarct and abscess as a rare complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, finally requiring a splenectomy as a definitive treatment. Case report: A 22 years old woman with grade I obesity underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with good hospital evolution and 48 hours discharge. On the 4th postoperative day she return because fever, abdominal pain, tachypnea and tachycardia. By means of a computed tomography a splenic infarct was diagnosed. She received medical treatment with initial remission of symptoms, which reappear at the third week. Medical treatment was restarted, this time without success, and with progression to splenic abscess. We decided a splenectomy as definitive treatment achieving a complete patient recovery. Conclusion: Splenic infarction is a rare complication after sleeve gastrectomy. The treatment is non surgical, reserving the splenectomy for the non responded cases(AU)